以下仅为我个人推测解决，仅供参考，建议重装
编译安装GLIBC后有几率报错，所以假如make的时候有报错就不要继续install了，而是排查
首先进入/usr/lib64目录，libc-2.17.so为你之前的glibc版本，ls命令不可用可以通过tab补全
[root@VM-0-3-centos lib64]# sln /usr/lib64/libc-2.17.so /lib64/libc.so.6
[root@VM-0-3-centos /]# sln /usr/lib64/ld-2.17.so /usr/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
上图可以看到安装报错，然后除了cd等少数命令，常用的ls、ln、reboot都用不了了
从输入命令报出的错误可以看到是/lib64/libpthread.so.0 和/lib64/libc-2.18.so重定义错误，libc.so.6未定义glibc版本，ld-linux-x86-64.so.2也一样
因为glibc已经编译过了，所以在编译目录下有新的libc.so.6文件，只能先用sln命令先创建链接了，注意sln要用绝对路径
依次执行
/opt/glibc-2.36/build/libc.so.6是你编译glibc的地方
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# sln /opt/glibc-2.36/build/libc.so.6 /lib64/libc.so.6
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# sln /opt/glibc-2.36/build/libc.so.6 /lib64/libdl.so.2
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# sln /opt/glibc-2.36/build/libc.so.6 /lib64/libpthread.so.0
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# sln /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib64/libc.so.6
当然如果升级失败，还可以使用下面命令还原至系统升级前的版本libc-2.12.so:
LD_PRELOAD=/lib64/libc-2.12.so ln -s /lib64/libc-2.12.so /lib64/libc.so.61
“LD_PRELOAD”是一个环境变量，定义在程序运行前优先加载的动态链接库，本处作用就是在执行后面的ln命令时，指定使用的glibc库，这样命令就可以正常使用了。
最后贴上排错步骤
/bin/install -c -m 644 /opt/glibc-2.36/build/libc.a /usr/lib64/libc.a
/bin/install -c -m 644 /opt/glibc-2.36/build/libc_nonshared.a /usr/lib64/libc_nonshared.a
/bin/install -c /opt/glibc-2.36/build/libc.so /lib64/libc.so.6.new
mv -f /lib64/libc.so.6.new /lib64/libc.so.6
gcc -B/usr/bin/ -shared -nostdlib -nostartfiles \
-x assembler /dev/null -o /opt/glibc-2.36/build/format.lds.so
gcc: relocation error: /lib64/libc.so.6: symbol __tunable_get_val, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 with link time reference
make[1]: *** [Makerules:1033: /opt/glibc-2.36/build/format.lds] Error 127
make[1]: Leaving directory '/opt/glibc-2.36'
make: *** [Makefile:12: install] Error 2
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# make localedata/install-locales
make: relocation error: /lib64/libdl.so.2: symbol _dl_vsym, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# strings /lib64/libc.so.6 | grep GLIBCll /lib64/libc.so*
grep: relocation error: /lib64/libpthread.so.0: symbol __libc_dl_error_tsd, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference
strings: relocation error: /lib64/libdl.so.2: symbol _dl_vsym, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# reboot
reboot: relocation error: /lib64/libdl.so.2: symbol _dl_vsym, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# ls
ls: relocation error: /lib64/libpthread.so.0: symbol __libc_dl_error_tsd, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# cd /lib
lib/ lib64/
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# cd /l
lib/ lib64/ lost+found/
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# cd /lib64/
audit/ device-mapper/ fipscheck/ gettext/ libnl/ man-db/ openssl/ plymouth/ rsyslog/ sse2/ tls/
bind9-export/ dyninst/ games/ gio/ libproxy/ mozilla/ perl5/ pm-utils/ rtkaio/ sssd/ X11/
cifs-utils/ ebtables/ gconv/ girepository-1.0/ libuser/ NetworkManager/ pkcs11/ python2.7/ sasl2/ systemtap/ xtables/
dbus-1/ elfutils/ gdk-pixbuf-2.0/ krb5/ lua/ nss/ pkgconfig/ python3.6/ security/ tc/
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# cd /lib64/
[root@VM-0-3-centos lib64]# ls
ls: relocation error: /lib64/libpthread.so.0: symbol __libc_dl_error_tsd, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference
[root@VM-0-3-centos lib64]# ls /lib64/lib
Display all 663 possibilities? (y or n)
[root@VM-0-3-centos lib64]# ls /lib64/libc.so
libc.so libc.so.6
[root@VM-0-3-centos lib64]# ls /lib64/libc.so.6
ls: relocation error: /lib64/libpthread.so.0: symbol __libc_dl_error_tsd, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference
[root@VM-0-3-centos lib64]# poweroff
poweroff: relocation error: /lib64/libdl.so.2: symbol _dl_vsym, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference
[root@VM-0-3-centos lib64]# shutdown -f
shutdown: relocation error: /lib64/libdl.so.2: symbol _dl_vsym, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference
[root@VM-0-3-centos lib64]# cd /opt/glibc-2.36/
[root@VM-0-3-centos glibc-2.36]# ls
ls: relocation error: /lib64/libpthread.so.0: symbol __libc_dl_error_tsd, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference
[root@VM-0-3-centos glibc-2.36]# rm -rf build/
rm: relocation error: /lib64/libc.so.6: symbol _dl_audit_preinit, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 with link time reference
[root@VM-0-3-centos glibc-2.36]# make
make: relocation error: /lib64/libdl.so.2: symbol _dl_vsym, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference
[root@VM-0-3-centos glibc-2.36]# cd /lib
lib/ lib64/
[root@VM-0-3-centos glibc-2.36]# cd /lib64/
audit/ device-mapper/ fipscheck/ gettext/ libnl/ man-db/ openssl/ plymouth/ rsyslog/ sse2/ tls/
bind9-export/ dyninst/ games/ gio/ libproxy/ mozilla/ perl5/ pm-utils/ rtkaio/ sssd/ X11/
cifs-utils/ ebtables/ gconv/ girepository-1.0/ libuser/ NetworkManager/ pkcs11/ python2.7/ sasl2/ systemtap/ xtables/
dbus-1/ elfutils/ gdk-pixbuf-2.0/ krb5/ lua/ nss/ pkgconfig/ python3.6/ security/ tc/
[root@VM-0-3-centos glibc-2.36]# cp
cp: relocation error: /lib64/libpthread.so.0: symbol __libc_dl_error_tsd, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference
[root@VM-0-3-centos glibc-2.36]# /usr/bin/ls
ls lsattr lsblk lscpu lsinitrd lsipc lslocks lslogins lsmcli lsmd lsmem lsns lsscsi
[root@VM-0-3-centos glibc-2.36]# /usr/bin/ls
/usr/bin/ls: relocation error: /lib64/libpthread.so.0: symbol __libc_dl_error_tsd, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference
[root@VM-0-3-centos glibc-2.36]# export LD_PRELOAD=/lib64/libpthread.so.0
[root@VM-0-3-centos glibc-2.36]# ls
ls: relocation error: /lib64/libdl.so.2: symbol _dl_vsym, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference
[root@VM-0-3-centos glibc-2.36]# export LD_PRELOAD=/lib64/libdl.so.2
[root@VM-0-3-centos glibc-2.36]# ls
ls: relocation error: /lib64/libpthread.so.0: symbol __libc_dl_error_tsd, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference
[root@VM-0-3-centos glibc-2.36]# export LD_PRELOAD=libc.so.6
[root@VM-0-3-centos glibc-2.36]# ls
ls: relocation error: /lib64/libpthread.so.0: symbol __libc_dl_error_tsd, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference
[root@VM-0-3-centos glibc-2.36]# ln -s /lib64/libc-2.18.so /lib64/libc.so.6
ln: relocation error: /lib64/libc.so.6: symbol _dl_audit_preinit, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 with link time reference
[root@VM-0-3-centos glibc-2.36]# ln
ln: relocation error: /lib64/libc.so.6: symbol _dl_audit_preinit, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 with link time reference
[root@VM-0-3-centos glibc-2.36]# export LD_PRELOAD=ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
[root@VM-0-3-centos glibc-2.36]# ls
ls: relocation error: /lib64/libpthread.so.0: symbol __libc_dl_error_tsd, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference
[root@VM-0-3-centos glibc-2.36]# lsn /usr/lib64/ld-2.17.so /usr/lib64/ld-linux-x86-.so.
-bash: lsn: command not found
[root@VM-0-3-centos glibc-2.36]# sln
Usage: sln src dest|file
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/bugs.html>.
[root@VM-0-3-centos glibc-2.36]# sln /lib64/libc-2.18.so /lib64/libc.so.6
Invalid link from "/lib64/libc-2.18.so" to "/lib64/libc.so.6": No such file or directory
[root@VM-0-3-centos glibc-2.36]# sln /lib64/libc.so.6 /lib64/libc-2.18.so
Invalid link from "/lib64/libc.so.6" to "/lib64/libc-2.18.so": No such file or directory
[root@VM-0-3-centos glibc-2.36]# ls
ls: error while loading shared libraries: libc.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[root@VM-0-3-centos glibc-2.36]# yum
/usr/bin/python: error while loading shared libraries: libc.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[root@VM-0-3-centos glibc-2.36]# ls
ls: error while loading shared libraries: libc.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[root@VM-0-3-centos glibc-2.36]# cd build/
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# ls
ls: error while loading shared libraries: libc.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# sln li
libanl.map libc-abis.stamp libc-modules.stmp libcrypt.map libio/ libnsl.map libnss_files.map librt.map link-defines.h.d
libBrokenLocale.map libc_malloc_debug.map libc_nonshared.a libc.so libm.map libnss_compat.map libnss_hesiod.map libthread_db.map linkobj/
libc.a libc.map libc_pic.a libc.so.6 libmvec.map libnss_db.map libpthread.map libutil.map
libc-abis.h libc-modules.h libc_pic.os libdl.map libmvec.mk libnss_dns.map libresolv.map link-defines.h
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# sln libc.so
libc.so libc.so.6
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# sln libc.so.6 /lib64/libc.so.6
Invalid link from "libc.so.6" to "/lib64/libc.so.6": Too many levels of symbolic links
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# ll
ls: error while loading shared libraries: libc.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# ls
ls: error while loading shared libraries: libc.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# cat
cat: error while loading shared libraries: libc.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# cd /lib64/
audit/ device-mapper/ fipscheck/ gettext/ libnl/ man-db/ openssl/ plymouth/ rsyslog/ sse2/ tls/
bind9-export/ dyninst/ games/ gio/ libproxy/ mozilla/ perl5/ pm-utils/ rtkaio/ sssd/ X11/
cifs-utils/ ebtables/ gconv/ girepository-1.0/ libuser/ NetworkManager/ pkcs11/ python2.7/ sasl2/ systemtap/ xtables/
dbus-1/ elfutils/ gdk-pixbuf-2.0/ krb5/ lua/ nss/ pkgconfig/ python3.6/ security/ tc/
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# sln /lib64/libc.so
Display all 156 possibilities? (y or n)
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# sln -h
-h: file open error: No such file or directory
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# sln libc
libc.a libc-abis.stamp libc.map libc-modules.stmp libc_pic.a libcrypt.map libc.so.6
libc-abis.h libc_malloc_debug.map libc-modules.h libc_nonshared.a libc_pic.os libc.so
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# sln libc.so.6 /lib64/libc
libc-2.17.so libcap.so.2 libcidn.so.1 libconfig.so.9 libcrack.so.2 libcrypt-2.17.so libcryptsetup.so.12.3.0 libcrypt.so.1 libcurl.so.4.3.0
libc.a libcap.so.2.22 libc_nonshared.a libconfig++.so.9 libcrack.so.2.9.0 libcrypto.so.10 libcryptsetup.so.4 libc.so
libcap-ng.so.0 libcidn-2.17.so libcom_err.so.2 libconfig.so.9.1.3 libcroco-0.6.so.3 libcrypto.so.1.0.2k libcryptsetup.so.4.7.0 libcurl.so
libcap-ng.so.0.0.0 libcidn.so libcom_err.so.2.1 libconfig++.so.9.1.3 libcroco-0.6.so.3.0.1 libcryptsetup.so.12 libcrypt.so libcurl.so.4
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# sln libc.so.6 /lib64/libc.so.6
Invalid link from "libc.so.6" to "/lib64/libc.so.6": Too many levels of symbolic links
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# sln /opt/glibc-2.36/build/libc.so.6 /lib64/libc.so.6
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# ls
ls: relocation error: /lib64/libpthread.so.0: symbol __libc_dl_error_tsd, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# cd /lib
lib/ lib64/
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# cd /lib64/lib
libnl/ libproxy/ libuser/
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# sln /lib64/lib
Display all 663 possibilities? (y or n)
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# sln /lib64/libpth
libpthread-2.17.so libpthread_nonshared.a libpthread.so libpthread.so.0 libpth.so.20 libpth.so.20.0.27
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# sln /lib64/libpth
libpthread-2.17.so libpthread_nonshared.a libpthread.so libpthread.so.0 libpth.so.20 libpth.so.20.0.27
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# export LD_PRELOAD=/lib64/libc.so.6
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# ls
ls: relocation error: /lib64/libpthread.so.0: symbol __libc_dl_error_tsd, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# reboot
reboot: relocation error: /lib64/libdl.so.2: symbol _dl_vsym, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# sln /opt/glibc-2.36/build/libc.so.6 /lib64/libpthread.so.0
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# ls
ls: relocation error: /lib64/libdl.so.2: symbol _dl_vsym, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# ls
ls: relocation error: /lib64/libdl.so.2: symbol _dl_vsym, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file libc.so.6 with link time reference
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# sln /opt/glibc-2.36/build/libc.so.6 /lib64/libdl.so.2
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# ls
ls: relocation error: /lib64/libc.so.6: symbol __tunable_get_val, version GLIBC_PRIVATE not defined in file ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 with link time reference
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# sln /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib64/libc.so.6
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# ls
ls: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.14' not found (required by ls)
ls: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.17' not found (required by ls)
ls: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.3.4' not found (required by ls)
ls: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.14' not found (required by /lib64/libselinux.so.1)
ls: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.8' not found (required by /lib64/libselinux.so.1)
ls: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.7' not found (required by /lib64/libselinux.so.1)
ls: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.3.4' not found (required by /lib64/libselinux.so.1)
ls: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.3.4' not found (required by /lib64/libcap.so.2)
ls: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.8' not found (required by /lib64/libcap.so.2)
ls: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.14' not found (required by /lib64/libacl.so.1)
ls: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.3.4' not found (required by /lib64/libacl.so.1)
ls: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.14' not found (required by /lib64/libpcre.so.1)
ls: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.3.4' not found (required by /lib64/libpcre.so.1)
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# export LD_PRELOAD=/lib64/libc.so.6
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# ls
ls: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.14' not found (required by ls)
ls: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.17' not found (required by ls)
ls: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.3.4' not found (required by ls)
ls: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.14' not found (required by /lib64/libselinux.so.1)
ls: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.8' not found (required by /lib64/libselinux.so.1)
ls: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.7' not found (required by /lib64/libselinux.so.1)
ls: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.3.4' not found (required by /lib64/libselinux.so.1)
ls: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.3.4' not found (required by /lib64/libcap.so.2)
ls: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.8' not found (required by /lib64/libcap.so.2)
ls: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.14' not found (required by /lib64/libacl.so.1)
ls: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.3.4' not found (required by /lib64/libacl.so.1)
ls: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.14' not found (required by /lib64/libpcre.so.1)
ls: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.3.4' not found (required by /lib64/libpcre.so.1)
[root@VM-0-3-centos build]# cd
[root@VM-0-3-centos ~]#
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