fdisk命令用于观察硬盘实体使用情况,也可对硬盘分区。它采用传统的问答式界面,而非类似DOS fdisk的cfdisk互动式操作界面,因此在使用上较为不便,但功能却丝毫不打折扣。
语法
fdisk(选项)(参数)
选项
-b<分区大小>:指定每个分区的大小; -l:列出指定的外围设备的分区表状况; -s<分区编号>:将指定的分区大小输出到标准输出上,单位为区块; -u:搭配"-l"参数列表,会用分区数目取代柱面数目,来表示每个分区的起始地址; -v:显示版本信息。
参数
设备文件:指定要进行分区或者显示分区的硬盘设备文件。
实例
首先选择要进行操作的磁盘:
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
输入m
列出可以执行的命令:
command (m for help): mCommand action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only)
输入p
列出磁盘目前的分区情况:
Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1 8001 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb2 2 26 200812+ 83 Linux
输入d
然后选择分区,删除现有分区:
Command (m for help): dPartition number (1-4): 1 Command (m for help): dSelected partition 2
查看分区情况,确认分区已经删除:
Command (m for help): printDisk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Command (m for help):
输入n
建立新的磁盘分区,首先建立两个主磁盘分区:
Command (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4)p //建立主分区Partition number (1-4): 1 //分区号First cylinder (1-391, default 1): //分区起始位置Using default value 1last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-391, default 391): 100 //分区结束位置,单位为扇区Command (m for help): n //再建立一个分区Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 2 //分区号为2First cylinder (101-391, default 101): Using default value 101 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (101-391, default 391): +200M //分区结束位置,单位为M
确认分区建立成功:
Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 100 803218+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 101 125 200812+ 83 Linux
再建立一个逻辑分区:
Command (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4)e //选择扩展分区Partition number (1-4): 3 First cylinder (126-391, default 126): Using default value 126 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (126-391, default 391): Using default value 391
确认扩展分区建立成功:
Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 100 803218+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 101 125 200812+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb3 126 391 2136645 5 Extended
在扩展分区上建立两个逻辑分区:
Command (m for help): nCommand action l logical (5 or over) p primary partition (1-4)l //选择逻辑分区First cylinder (126-391, default 126): Using default value 126 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (126-391, default 391): +400M Command (m for help): n Command action l logical (5 or over) p primary partition (1-4)lFirst cylinder (176-391, default 176): Using default value 176 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (176-391, default 391): Using default value 391
确认逻辑分区建立成功:
Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 100 803218+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 101 125 200812+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb3 126 391 2136645 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 126 175 401593+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 176 391 1734988+ 83 Linux Command (m for help):
从上面的结果我们可以看到,在硬盘sdb我们建立了2个主分区(sdb1,sdb2),1个扩展分区(sdb3),2个逻辑分区(sdb5,sdb6)
注意:主分区和扩展分区的磁盘号位1-4,也就是说最多有4个主分区或者扩展分区,逻辑分区开始的磁盘号为5,因此在这个实验中试没有sdb4的。
最后对分区操作进行保存:
Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
建立好分区之后我们还需要对分区进行格式化才能在系统中使用磁盘。
在sdb1上建立ext2分区:
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdb1mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) 100576 inodes, 200804 blocks 10040 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=209715200 7 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 14368 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840 Writing inode tables: done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
在sdb6上建立ext3分区:
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb6mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) 217280 inodes, 433747 blocks 21687 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=444596224 14 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 15520 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (8192 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [root@localhost ~]#
建立两个目录/oracle
和/web
,将新建好的两个分区挂载到系统:
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /oracle [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /web [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /oracle [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb6 /web
查看分区挂载情况:
[root@localhost ~]# df -h文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点 /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 6.7G 2.8G 3.6G 44% / /dev/sda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot tmpfs 125M 0 125M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sdb1 773M 808K 733M 1% /oracle /dev/sdb6 1.7G 35M 1.6G 3% /web
如果需要每次开机自动挂载则需要修改/etc/fstab
文件,加入两行配置:
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 / ext3 defaults 1 1 LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/sdb1 /oracle ext2 defaults 0 0 /dev/sdb6 /web ext3 defaults 0 0
本文地址:https://liuchunjie.top/?id=66
温馨提示:文章内容系作者个人观点,不代表运维笔记-技术文档对观点赞同或支持。
版权声明:本文为转载文章,来源于 未知 ,版权归原作者所有,欢迎分享本文,转载请保留出处!
温馨提示:文章内容系作者个人观点,不代表运维笔记-技术文档对观点赞同或支持。
版权声明:本文为转载文章,来源于 未知 ,版权归原作者所有,欢迎分享本文,转载请保留出处!
发表评论